Articles

Tomara Mikhail (1868–?) – orientalist, economist, lawyer, historian of religion. Before the Revolution 1917, he was Titular Councilor, served at the Main Administration of Post and Telegraph, later – at the Department of Trade and Manufactures of the Ministry of Finances (since 1896); then – member of managing body and one of the founders of the Society of East-Siberian cast iron plants. In 1893-1894, on the order of the Ministry of Finances, he traveled to Persia, as a result he wrote a book about the economical situation in Persia.

Toporov Vladimir (1928‒2005) – linguist, philologist, specialist in semiotic. After finishing school in 1946, he entered the Philological Faculty of the Moscow State University. After it, he entered the graduate course at the Department of Slavic Philology, Moscow State University (1951-1954). In 1954, he became Junior Researcher at the Institute of Slavic Studies of the Academy of Sciences of the U.S.S.R. In 1955, he got the PhD degree in Philology; his thesis: ‘Locative in Slavic languages’. He worked at the Institute of Slavic Studies (from 1965 to 2005 - Institute of Slavic and Balkan Studies) until the end of his days, from Junior Researcher up to the Head of the Sector of Structural Typology and Chief Researcher position.

Toren Maria (1898‒1974) – ethnographer. In 1915-1919 ‒ clerk in the office of plants of the Donetsk Yurievsk Metal Society. In 1919-1921 ‒ bookkeeper at the State Trust of Petrograd plans of mass production. In 1921-1925 ‒ student of the Arabic Department of the Petrograd Institute of Living Oriental Languages. In 1924, she took part in an expedition of the Leningrad State University to the Vyatka Gov. for social and economical research. In 1926, she spent more than three months in the same region, collecting materials on the local cottage industry; in 1927, she made economical and ethnographical survey of the Tiumen’ District.

Tronsky (till 1938 – Trotsky) Joseph (1897–1970) – philologist, specialist in classical literature and culture. He was born in the family of a hereditary honorary citizen; in 1915, after the private gymnasium of I. R. Rappoport, he enrolled to the Historical and Philological Faculty of the Novorossisky University (Odessa). He graduated from it in 1919 and got a position at the Chair of Roman Literature. Since 1921, he taught classical languages at the Institute of People Education in Odessa, and at the Archeological Institute.

Troshchansky Vasily (1843‒1898) – revolutionary Narodnik, ethnographer. In 1867, after a gymnasium in Kishinev, he enrolled at the St. Petersburg Technological Institute. In 1867, he was arrested for composing and distribution of political leaflets and spent a year in prison. In 1878, he was arrested again as one of the leaders of the revolutionary group ‘Land and Feedom’ (Zemlya i Volya), spent two years in the St Peter and Paul Fortress. In 1880, he was sentenced to ten years of hard labours of the Kariiskay katorga (north of Siberia) in the frame of the affair of a murder of gendarme chef Mezentsev in St. Petersburg. In 1887, he was sent to exile to the Third Zhekhsogon nasleg (Yakutian settlement) of the Botursky ulus (local district; now – village of Cherkekh in Yakutia).

Tsvetaev Dmitry (1852‒1920) – archivist, historian of Protestantism in Russia. He graduated from the St. Petersburg Spiritual Academy, and Pedagogical Courses of the Second St. Petersburg Military Gymnasium. Since 1876, he taught history, Russian language, and Russian literature in secondary schools of military institutions and those of the Ministry of Education – in the cities of Orel and Moscow. After defending his Master thesis ‘From the History of Foreign Confessions in Russia in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries’ (Moscow, 1886), he got a position of Ass, Docent of the Moscow University. In 1887, he became Professor of the Chair of Russian History at the University of Warsaw.

Tsybikov Gombojab (1873–1930) – ethnographer, orientalist, specialist in Tibetan and Buddhist studies. He graduated from the Oriental Faculty of the St. Petersburg University, where he studied at S. F. Oldenburg, A. D. Pozdeev, and V. V. Grigoriev. In 1899-1902, he traveled to Central Tibet with a group of pilgrims. At the edge of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, Tibet was closed for European researchers, and its capital Lhasa was almost unknown. A lucky combination of scholar and Buddhist gave Ts. A chance to get the desired result: he visited Lhasa, surrounding monasteries, met Dalai Lama XIII, acquired many books in Tibetan language, and filled the gap in ethnographical knowledge about that region.

Turaev Boris (1868–1920) – orientalist: specialist in Egyptology, Assyriology, Ethiopic, and Semitic studies, founder of the national school of historians of the Ancient East. He was born in the town of Novogrudok, learnt at the First gymnasium in Vilno. After graduation from the Historical and Philological Faculty of the St. Petersburg University he was invited to prepare himself for Professor position and sent to Germany for additional education (1891-1893). There he visited classes of O. E. Lemm, A. Ermann, G. Maspero, E, Schrader, and G. Winkler.

Udaltsova Zinaida (1918–1987) – Byzantinist, medievalist. She graduated from the Historical Faculty of the Moscow State University (supervisor E. A. Kosminsky). Candidate in History (1945) – thesis ‘Party struggle in Byzantine in the fifteenth century and the activity of Bessarion of Nicaea’. Since 1946, U. worked at the Chair of the Medieval History of the Moscow State University; since 1949 – at the Sector of the Byzantine History of the Institute of History of the Ac. of Sc. of the U.S.S.R.; in 1961-1968 – Head of the sector. In 1968-1970, she was Head of the Sector of Byzantine History of the Institute of Slavic and Balkan Studies of the Ac. of Sc. of the U.S.S.R.; since 1970 – Head of the Sector of the Byzantine History of the Institute of World History of the Ac. of Sc. of the U.S.S.R. Director of the Institute of World History of the Russian Ac. of Sc. (1980-1987). Head of the Association of Byzantinists of the U.S.S.R., Vice President of the International Association of Byzantinists (1976). Chairman of the Russian Palestinian Society (1978-1983).

Ugrinovich Dmitry (1923—1990) – Soviet philosopher and specialist in religious studies. He graduated from the Philosophical Faculty of the Moscow State University (1950), then, he entered to the post-graduate course there. His Candidate thesis ‘The Peculiarities of Formation of the Socialist Basis in the U.S.S.R.’ (1953); Doctor thesis ‘On the Specific of Religion and Its Place in the Social Mentality’ (1965). Ass. Prof., then Prof., and the Head of the Chair of Philosophy of the Humanitarian Faculties of the Moscow State University (1963). Since 1970 – Prof. Of the Chair of History and Theory of Atheism of the Philosophical Faculty of the Moscow State University. His most significant works of the Soviet period were on psychology of religion.