Articles

Rostovtsev Mikhail

Rostovtsev Mikhail (1870–1952) – specialist in classical culture and history, archeologist. He was born in the family of a specialist in classical philology, a teacher at gymnasium, later – Actual Privy Council and Head of the Orenburg Educative District I. Ya. Rostovtsev. He learnt at classical gymnasium in Zhitomir and Kiev. In 1888-1890, he studied at the Historical and Philological Faculty of the Kievan St Vladimir University; and when his father was transferred to Orenburg, R. went to the St. Petersburg University; he graduated from it in 1892. He stayed at the University to prepare himself for the Professor position; he went for a year to Italy at his own account. In 1892-1895, he taught at the Tsarskoselskaya Gymnasium. After passing his Master exams, he was sent abroad with a scholarship (1895-1896) for further training.
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Rozhitsyn Valentin

Rozhitsyn Valentin (1888–1942) – writer, historian. He graduated from the 3rd gymnasium in Kharkov (1906). Entered the Faculty of History and Philology of Kharkov University, not long before 1914 he stayed at the University for further education under the supervision of V. P. Buzeskul. His field of research was, evidently, the Modern History of the West – it could be seen from his publication in a university magazine in Kharkov in 1917, which is connected with his Master thesis (Chansellor Michel d’Hopital: Life. State Activity. Political Views // Zapiski of the Kharkov University. 1917, book ½).
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Rumiantsev Nickolay

Rumiantsev Nickolay (1892‒1956) – journalist, historian of religion. He was a member of the society ‘Atheist’, and of the League of Militant Atheists; details of biography are unknown. The data on the book covers testifies that he was a member of the Editorial Board of the ‘Atheist’ Magazine during all the period of its existence. In 1920-s, he worked as a teacher of social discipline in a secondary school in Mozhaisk (Moscow Region). Perhaps, he worked at the Central Anti-Religious Museum. He wrote about the history of Christianity throght description of key persons, events and relics. He offered the radical version of the mythological school, the popularity of which in the U.S.S.R. grew in 1920-s.
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Rushchinsky Lev

Rushchinsky Lev (?) – ecclesiastic journalist, clerk at the Department of Orthodoxy. In 1869, he graduated from the St. Petersburg Spiritual Academy. In 1871, he was Secretary of the Kishinev Spiritual Consistory. In 1871, under the protection of the Society for the Russian History and Antiquities at the Moscow University, he published a book (obviously, his graduating paper) ‘Religious Life of Russians, According the Testimonies of Foreign Writers of the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries’. Since 1898, he was Actual State Council, and served at the Most Holy Synod. He retired on September 1, 1906.
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Rutenburg Victor

Rutenburg Victor (1911–1988) – historian medievalist, historian of anti-religious free-thinking. Kopeikin, in 1937 he took the surname of his wife S. G. Rutenburg In 1929, he graduated from the Teachers-Training Institute in Stalino (Donetsk); he taught history in a secondary school in the settl. of Voznesensky Rudnik. In 1933, he passed the curses for young officers of the Red Army and got the rank of Reserve Sublieutenant. In 1934, he moved to Leningrad and entered the Historical Faculty of the Leningrad Institute of Philosophy, literature and History; at the same time he worked as a school teacher of history. In May 1938, he got the excellent evaluation for his research paper ‘From the History of Italian Pawnshops in the Fifteenth Century; on a Manuscript from the Archive of the Leningrad Branch of the Institute of History of the Ac. of Sc. of the U.S.S.R.’. On July 28, 1938, he was arrested in the frame of the affair of Esperantists – he was accused in espionage and spent 11 months in jail; he was released on July 5, 1939, and returned to the Faculty. In 1940, he graduated from the University and entered the post-graduate courses at the Chair of the History of the Middle Ages.
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Ryazanov (Goldendach) David

Ryazanov (Goldendach) David (1870‒1938) – historian, archivist, social-democrat, specialist in the history of Marxism. In 1881, he was excluded from the Odessa gymnasium; he learnt himself, knew many languages and demonstrated deep and broad knowledge in various fields. In the late 1880-s, from the youth enchantment with Narodniks he went to Marxism; he was connected with the Group “Liberation of Labour’. In 1891, he was arrested and has stayed in jail for five years; later, he was sent to Kishinev under the police surveillance. In 1900, he went abroad, where he studied the history of Marxism and the First International.
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Rybakov Boris

Rybakov Boris (1908—2001) – archaeologist, historian, Academic of the Ac. of Sc. of the U.S.S.R. (1958), administrator of research work, social figure. Candidate thesis ‘Radimichi’ (1939). Doctor thesis ‘Crafts of the Old Rus’ (1942). In 1921, he finished the school. In 1924, he entered the Historical and Ethnological Faculty of the Moscow State University. After the graduating from the University (1929), he took part in archaeological excavations, taught, made research works: he worked at the Museum in Aleksandrov, at the State Historical Museum (1936—1940), at the State Academy of the History of Material Culture (1943-1950). He was the head of a sector at the Institute of Ethnography of the Ac. of Sc. of the U.S.S.R. (1944—1946). Dean of the Historical Faculty of the Moscow State University (1950—1952). Director of the Institute of Archaeology of the Ac. of Sc. of the U.S.S.R. (1956—1987). Director of the Institute of History of the Ac. of Sc. of the U.S.S.R. (1968—1970).
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Rybnikov Pavel

Rybnikov Pavel (1831–1885) – ethnographer, folklorist. In 1858, he graduated from the Historical and Philological Faculty of the Moscow University. In his students years, he was connected with revolutionary groups ‘Vertep’ and ‘Zemlya i volya’. After the University, on the advice of one of the elder comrades, he went to the Chernigov Region to study Old believers and to fix folk songs. His activity disturbed local authorities, and R. was arrested before he returned to Moscow. In the beginning of 1859, he was under the arrest in St. Petersburg, and then – sent to the Olonets Region, to Petrozavodsk, where he got a position of a small clerk at the Governor’s office (by 1862, he was promoted to Senior Clerk for Special Tasks).
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Sablukov Gordy

Sablukov Gordy (1803–1880) – member of the missionary movement, Arabist, historian of religion. In 1826, he graduated from the Orenburg Spiritual Seminary; in 1830 – from the Moscow Spiritual Academy. In 1830-1849, he taught history and oriental languages at the Saratov Spiritual Seminary. In 1849-1962, he taught oriental and classical languages at the Anti-Islamic Department of the Kazan’ Spiritual Academy. He was the author of the first published translation of the Quran into Russian (1878).
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Sadov Aleksander

Sadov Aleksander (1850‒1930) – classical philologist. He was born in the family of a priest; in 1860-1866, he studied at the Nizhny Novgorod Spiritual Seminary; in 1872-1876 – at the St. Petersburg Spiritual Academy. After it, he got the rank of Candidate in theology and started to teach Latin at the Academy. In 1877-1880, he was sent abroad; and in 1882, he got his Master degree for his thesis ‘Bessarion of Nicaea: His Activity at the Ferrara-Florence Council, Theological Compositions, and Significance for the History of the Humanism’ (publ.: St. Petersburg, 1883). His Doctor thesis was ‘The Ancient Christian Writer Lactantius’ (publ.: St. Petersburg, 1895).
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