The outstanding Russian historian Sergey Mikhailovich Soloviev argued that religion had an important place in the history of Russia. He saw the fundamental basis of social life in the political sphere. At the same time, the role of religion got special strength in the periods of crisis, and the degree of its influence on other spheres of culture increased. Particularly, the author discussed the process of growth of influence of Christianity in the initial period of its dissemination in Russia. That influence was manifested not only in the administrative system, but also in the legal, family, domestic, and moral culture. Thus, the new religion provided an evolution of the Old Russian society in all major directions during the period of fragmentation of the country (second half of the eleventh – mid-thirteenth centuries). The clergy took a strong part in the events, reconciliation of the princes, and consolation of popular uprisings. The author paid special attention to the Old Believers. The historian suggested that the Dissent was stimulated with new knowledge, and the development of science and education. But among the priests, monks, bishops, there were people who treated Nikon's ecclesiastic reforms as ‘a violation of the true faith’. The Old Believers, according to the researcher, considered the official authorities a kind of the anti-Christ’s power. Through all his work, the author argues for the special influence of Church at the social culture.