Pavel Nikolaevich Milyukov (1859-1943) was one of the most important figures in the political life of Russia and the Russian diaspora of the twentieth century: an active member of the Constitutional Democratic Party (CD), the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Temporary Government, and then an emigrant. That book was written by him before the start of his political career. ‘Essays on the history of Russian culture’ became a fundamental interdisciplinary study of the culture of Russia. The popularity of his ‘Essays’ could be seen in the fact that before 1916 the book was published five times. In the ‘Essays’, the author argues for ​​the unity of spiritual and material culture, the influence of natural and climatic conditions and the economy at the whole structure of life, including religious one. The second part of the book is centered at religious matters; it was published in 1897, and included the fifth, sixth and seventh essays. The second part opens with the fifth essay ‘Church and Faith’, in which the author, on the example of the history of Russian Church, and the peculiarity of Russian religious thought. The essay consists of seven parts: ‘The beginning of Russian religiosity’; ‘The nationalization of the Russian faith and Church; ‘The origin of the Dissent’; ‘The fate of the Dissent. The history of clericalism’; ‘The fate of the Dissent. The history of Bezopovschina’; ‘The evolution of Russian Sectarianism’; and ‘The fate of the dominant Church’, which ends with a discussion on the evolution of theology in Russia. The religious theme is central also in the sixth essay ‘Church and Creativity’, which consists of two parts: ‘Church and Literature’, and ‘Church and Art’. In the first part, the author discusses Russian literature of the late sixteenth – nineteenth centuries, particularly, analyzing the ways in which the culture of books influences the folk art. The second part of the essay, ‘Church and Art’, includes a survey of typical features of Old Russian architecture and icon painting, paying considerable attention to the desacralization of Russian culture in the seventeenth century. Miliukov pays considerable attention to the birth of the national style in art, focusing readers’ attention on the work of the ‘Mighty Handful’. The seventh essay, ‘School and Education’, shows, how the perception of education in Russian culture was transformed from the late fifteenth century (when the Novgorod Bishop Gennady argued for the education of the clergy) to the author’s days (the question of compulsory education), and how it was connected with the evolution of knowledge (both humanitarian and natural science) in Russia.