‘The History of the Papacy’ was published twice (in 1969, and in 1986). The author described the history of the Papace from its foundation till 1871, when the Papal State as a laic system was liquidated out of the borders of Vatican. On the L.’s point of view, the ideas of the Early Christianity made it ‘one of the most revolutionary elements in the spiritual history of the humankind’, but at the same time they were absolutely ill-suited for the transformation of the world for the sake of people’s masses. The revolutionary spirit of the destitute and exploited people of the Roman Empire was not supported with their revolutionary actions, because the slavery and decaying Rome did not have a really revolutionary class. Thus, the author connected the Early Christianity with social processes. IN the following chapters on the Middle Ages and the Early Modern Time he built the image of Popes not only as religious leaders of Catholicism, but also as feudal rulers. The researcher explained actions of certain Popes with political reasons only. For instance, the Crusades were explained in the book with political failures in Europe, and, besides, with the desire to spread the influence and to acquire new lands. Talking about Popes as patrons of arts in the epoch of the Renaissance, the author made accent at their vices and declared, that they were far from people – as the other elite. On his opinion, the Reformation was a logical result of the social protest against greedy and evil Papacy.