The author analyzes the interrelation between the Papacy and Monastic Orders in the medieval Europe. Some chapters are dedicated to the activity of St Bernard and pope Innocence III. Considering the Papacy, G. noted its main peculiarity: shaping of the theocratic ideal on the earth. It demanded to achieve two aims: to build the religious integrity, and to establish superiority of ecclesiastic ideals over the laic states. On the author’s opinion, there were three obstacles to the religious integrity: heresy, church dissent, and Islam; thus, the main events of the epoch – the Albigensian Crusade, the Oriental Crusades to the Holy land, and struggle against the Schism – were attempts to overcome those obstacles. For the getting the second aim it was necessary to establish the pope’s supremacy, especially – over the Holy Roman Empire. From the other hand, the author notes that Pope Innocence III had to start a reform of Monastic Orders – or, at least, to observe and to supervise that process. Particularly, he did not limit his actions to revising monasteries and punishing guilty monks, but also he tried to keep the ascetic ideals though strict new rules and instructions – such as ban to stay out of the monastery to which certain monks belonged. The Papacy was involved also into a discussion on a year-long try-put. At the end, the Pope decided to keep that practice, I spite of some objections from clergy. The author describes the Pope’s attempts to improve the inner arrangement of the monastic life.