Articles

Deborin (Ioffe) Abraham

Deborin (Ioffe) Abraham (1881‒1963) – Soviet philosopher, Acad. of the Ac. of Sc. of the U.S.S.R. (1929), member of the Presidium of the Ac. of Sc. (1935-1945). One of ideologists of the Stalin’s epoch. Metal worker, who was early interested in revolutionary ideas. Since 1897 – participant of underground Marxist groups, later – supporter of Bolsheviks. Member of the Communist Party since 1928. In 1908, he graduated from the Philosophical Faculty of the University of Bern. Since 1920, he has been at the research and teaching work. He worked at the Sverdlov Communist University, at the Institute of Red Professors, at the Marx and Engels Institute.
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Desnitsky Semen

Desnitsky Semen (1740–1789) – Russian enlithener, specialist in legal disciplines. He studied at the Legal Faculty of the Moscow University, in 1761, he was sent by the Ac. of Sc. to Scotland, to the University of Glasgow, where he visited lectures by Adam Smith. He got Master degree in Arts and Doctor degree in Civic and Ecclesiastic Law. Beside Jurisprudence, he studied Mathematics, Medicine, Philosophy, and Ethic. In 1767, D. returned to Russia and became the first Professor of Law at the Moscow University, who made lectures in Russian. In 1768, he became Ass. Prof, in 1773 – Full Prof. Since 1783, he has been Member of the Russian Literary Academy.
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Diyakonov Igor

Diyakonov Igor (1915–1999) – historian and linguist. In 1938, he graduated from the Historian and Philological Faculty of the Leningrad State University. Doctor in History (1960), Chief Researcher of the St. Petersburg Branch of the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Ac. of Sc. (1953-1999), also worked at the St. Petersburg State University (till 1949 – Docent of the Chair of Semitic Studies) and at the State Hermitage (1936-1959 – Head of the Dep. of Ancient East). Honourary Doctor of a number of foreign academies and universities (including the Chicago University, and British Royal Asian Society). His main works were dedicated to social and economical history, ethnology, and languages of the Ancient East (Mesopotamia, Palestine, Minor Asia, Iran). He also wrote on the problems of ethics, philosophy of history, theory of myth, linguistic, and made translations.
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Dmitrievsky Aleksey

Dmitrievsky Aleksey (1856–1929) – historian of Byzantine and ecclesiastic historian. He graduated from the Astrakhan’ Spiritual Seminary; since 1878, he studied at the Kazan’ Spiritual Seminary. Since 1882, he made lectures in Homiletics and Liturgics at the Samara Spiritual Seminary. In 1883, he defended his Master thesis in Theology ‘Liturgy in Russian Church in the Sixteenth Century. Part I: Services of the Week and Year Circle, and the Sacramental Rites’. In 1884, he moved to Kiev, where he got a position of Prof. of Ecclesiastic Archeology at the Kievan Spiritual Academy. Since 1886, he traveled in Sinai, Athos, Jerusalem, Athens, and Italy. In the course of his travels, he studied liturgical manuscripts at the Athos monasteries and in the library and archive of the Sinai St. Catherine Monastery.
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Dobiash-Rozhdestvenskaya Olga

Dobiash-Rozhdestvenskaya Olga (1874–1939) – historian and medievalist, paleographer, writer, Correspondent Member of the Ac. of Sc. of the U.S.S.R He made thesis in the history and sociology of religion and the cult of saints in the medieval France. She graduated from the Bestuzhev High Female Coursed in 1899; she was under a strong influence of Prof. I. M. Grevs. He invited her to teach at the Bestuzhev Couses; in 1916, D. became Professor there. In 1908-1911, she was sent to France, where she got Doctor degree of Sorbonne (Paris) for her thesis ‘La vie paroissiale en France au XIII-e siècle ďaprès les actes episcopaux’ (1911).
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Druzhinin Vasily

Druzhinin Vasily (1859–1936) – historian, collector. In 1879-1883, he studied at the Historical Faculty of the St. Petersburg University. In 1889, he defended his Master thesis ‘The Dissent on Don in the Late-Seventeenth Century’, and got a position of Ass. Docent at the St. Petersburg University; at the same time, he was a part-time manager at the Department of Spiritual Affairs of Foreign Faith at the Ministry of Internal Affairs, where he made some organizational work for the Russian Archeological Society, Archeographic Commission, Russian Geographical Society. He was a member of the Committee for Protection of Russian Icon-Painting; since 1920 – Correspondent Member of the Russian Ac. of Sc. Since 1884, and for many years, he has collected Old Believers’ manuscripts, Lubok drawings and engravings, icons, copper casted images, and other objects of the cult from the Old Believers milieu. In 1929, he was fired out of the Archeographic Commission, arrested and sent out of Leningrad. In 1935, he settled in Staraya Russa, and there he died in 1936.
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Dunaevsky Lev

Dunaevsky Lev (1894–1976) – philologist, publicist, translator. In 1930-s, he was a member of the League of Militant Atheists. He translated works by Ch. de Brosses, and P.B. Shelley into Russian for the cycle of publications of the ‘Research and Atheistic Library’ issued by the Ac. of Sc. of the U.S.S.R. (since 1955).
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Dyrenkova Nadezhda

Dyrenkova Nadezhda (1899–1941) – Soviet linguist, ethnographer, Turkologist. Disciple of L. Ya. Sternberg and V. G. Bogoraz. In 1920, she enrolled to the Leningrad Teachers-Training Institute, then transferred to the Ethnographic Faculty of the State Geographical Institute (in 1925, it became a faculty of the Leningrad State University). She studied ethnography under the supervision of L. Ya. Sternberg and V. G. Bogoraz. In 1935, D. defended her Candidate thesis ‘World Views, religious conceptions and form of cult of Turkish hunting and cattle breeding tribes of Turko-Mongolian Peoples’; she worked as Docent at the Department of Ethnography of the Leningrad State University. Later she got a position of Senior Researcher at the Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography. She wrote about traditional world conceptions of the peoples of Altai, on Shamanism; she collected folklore texts.
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Eleonskaya Elena

Eleonskaya Elena (1873‒1951) – was born in Sergiev Posad; her father N.А. Eleonsky was priest; since 1892, he had taught at the Moscow University, where he headed the Chair of Theology. He supported his daughter in her will for education. In 1902, she entered the Higher Female Courses in Moscow, after the successful graduation she stayed at the Chair of Russian Language and Literature, where he worked under the supervision of V.F Miller, who made a great influence at her studies of folklore. In 1906, she started to teach folklore and ethnography at the Moscow Higher Female Courses. She took part in gathering collection of Russian folklore and wrote reviews of contemporary western publications in the field of mythology and the history of religion.
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Elle Kuz’ma

Elle Kuz’ma (1896‒1974) – ethnographer, historian and teacher; specialist in culture and history of Chuvash. He graduated from the Kazan’ Teachers-Training Seminary (1917), the Kazan’ Teachers-Training Institute (1921); he studied at the post-graduate courses of the State Academy of History and Material Culture (1928-1933). He was a member and Secretary of the Society for Studying Local Region in Cheboksary (since 1926). In 1933-1935, 1936-1937, E. worked at the Chuvash Research Institute of Social and Cultural Building, he was Director of the Research Library in Cheboksary. In 1942, he defended his Candidate thesis in history ‘The Past of the People of Chuvash on the Base of Proverbs and Sayings, Riddles, and Signs’.
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